study的过去分词
特约教师：张根生
张根生，河南省新密市实验高级中学教师，中学高级教师。中国教师研修网学科指导专家；河南省骨干教师、河南省名师、河南省高中学业水平考试阅卷指导专家；郑州市优秀教师、郑州市教育工作者标兵、郑州市专业技术拔尖人才；新密市领军人才、新密市教育名家。
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一、研究高考 明确考情
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语法填空
1.（2019天津卷）Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
答案与解析：designed 考查过去分词。句意：大多数大学都为大一学生开设一门专门设计的课程，来帮助他们在学业和个性方面取得成功。被修饰的名词course和design之间是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。
2. （2019北京卷）Earth day, (mark) on 22 April is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
答案与解析：marked 考查过去分词。句意：地球日是旨在提高你公众环保意识的一年一度的活动，它的时间是4月22日。分析句子结构可知，此处要用过去分词短语作非限制性定语。
3.（2018全国卷 III）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel (challenge).
答案与解析：challenged 考查过去分词。句意：我迅速放低身段，躲闪着不去直视他，这样他就不感觉着受到挑战。主语 是he ，表语表示人的心理感受，故用过去分词形式。
4. （2018北京卷）Ordinary soap, (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
答案与解析：used 考查过去分词。句意：普通香皂，如果正确使用，能有效地处理细菌。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处用过去分词短语作非限制性定语。
5. （2018天津卷）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph (take).
答案与解析：taken 考查过去分词。句意：我需要一本新护照，因此，我得去照相。分析句子结构可知，本空在句中作宾语补足语，宾语photograph与take是被动关系，故用过去分词，构成have sth. done句型。
6. （2017浙江卷11月）Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and their use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.
答案与解析：learned/learnt 考查过去分词。句意：另一件好事就是，你无意中学习了新词和它们的用法，这就意味着你倾向几乎是习惯于使用在交谈中用这种方式学到的单词。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处用过去分词短语作后置定语。
7. （2017浙江卷）Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
答案与解析：swept 考查过去分词。句意：Pahlsson和她丈夫现在认为那枚戒指很可能被扫进厨房的垃圾堆了。句子主语 ring 与 sweep 之间为被动关系， 因此用过去分词形式作表语，表示主语存在的状态。
8.（2016年全国卷 I）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
答案与解析：permitted 考查过去分词。句意：但是我和大熊猫的联系始于20世纪80年代中期，那些日子我在做电视节目，当时我是第一位被允许拍摄一个照料从野外挨饿的大熊猫的特别的单位。被修饰的名词reporter和 permit 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词做后置定语。
9.（2015全国卷 I）A?study?of?travelers (conduct)?by?the?website?Trip Advisor?names?Yangshuo?as?one?of?the?top?10?destinations?in?the?world.
答案与解析：conducted 考查过去分词。句意：由旅行顾问网组织的关于旅行者的一项研究把阳朔命名为世界上十大旅游目的地之一。主语 a study 与 conduct 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。
10.（2015全国卷 II）The adobe dwellings (土坯房) (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
答案与解析：built 考查过去分词。句意：由美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人建的土坯房仍然被最现代的建筑师和工程师所钦佩。名词 dwellings 与 build 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
2
短文改错
1. （2019年全国卷 I）I became interesting in football thanks to a small accident.
答案与解析：interesting→ interested 当主语是人时，用过去分词作表语，become interested in “对……产生兴趣”。
2. （2019全国卷 II）One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.
答案与解析：amazing→ amazed 当主语是人时，用过去分词作表语，be amazed at“对……感到惊奇”。
3. （2017全国卷II）In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on their rooftop of their house.
答案与解析：interesting→ interested当主语是人时，用过去分词作表语，be interested in “对……感兴趣”。
【命题分析】
高考对过去分词作定语、表语、状语、和宾语补足语都有考查，其中过去分词作定语、和表语是考查的重点。
二、吃透考点 抓住关键
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考点1：过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语时，与所修饰的名词是被动关系，表示动作的被动或完成。单个分词常作前置定语，分词短语作后置定语。如：
His father is a retired teacher.
他父亲是退休教师。
The party held yesterday is a great success.
昨天举办的晚会很成功。
2
考点2：过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语时，表示主语的心理感受或主语所处的状态，这种过去分词已经形容词化了。如：
We shouldn’t be discouraged after failure. 失败后我们不应该气馁。
Please remain seated until all the lights are on.
请留在座位上，直到灯全部亮起。
3
考点3：过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语时，表示与句子的主语是被动关系，可以表示原因、时间、方式、伴随状况、条件、让步等状语，可以改写为状语从句，方式状语和伴随状语可以改写为并列谓语或并列句。如：
Praised by the teachers（=As he was praised by the teachers）, he became the pride of his parents.
由于受到了老师的表扬，他成了父母的骄傲。（原因）
Asked about his address（=When he was asked about his adress）, the boy didn’t respond.
当问及他的住址时，小男孩没有回答。（时间）
The teacher entered the lab, followed by his students（=and he was followed by his students）.
老师走进实验室，后面跟着他的学生。（伴随）
Given more time（=If he had been given more time）, he could have done it better. 如果当时给与更多的时间，他可能做得更好。（条件）
Though told of the danger（=Though he was told of the danger）, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告知有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去就那个男孩。（让步）
【注意】过去分词前有名词或主格的代词时，就构成了过去分词的独立主格结构，过去分词的独立主格结构在句中通常作状语。如：
All things considered, his paper is of greater value than yours.
全面考虑，他的论文比你的论文价值大。
4
考点4：过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间有被动关系，有时既有被动关系，又有完成的意思，若句子变为被动语态，过去分词就成了主语补足语。有三类动词常跟过去分词作宾语补足语：
①感官动词：feel, find, hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, observe等；
②使役动词：get, have, keep, make, leave等；
③表示“希望”和“要求”等意义的动词：like, prefer, order, want, wish等。
另外，介词with的复合结构中也有过去分词作宾语补足语 。如：
I’m afraid I can’t make myself understood when I speak English. 我担心我说英语时别人听不懂。
The guests left most of the dishes untouched because they didn’t taste delicious. 大部分菜客人都没动，因为这些菜不好吃。
With the work done, they went out to play.干完活，他们出去玩去了。
【注意】have/get sth. done有三种含义：
①主语自己或参与做某事。
如：I have to have my homework done first.我得先完成作业。
②主语请别人做某事。
如：I will have my car maintained in the garage. 我要到汽修厂保养车。
③主语的不幸遭遇。
如：He had his wallet stolen on the bus.在公交车上，他的钱包被偷了。
三、对点训练 完美突破
（一）用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. I’m interested in the position of intern editors (advertise) in today’s newspaper.
2. (give) ten more minutes, I’ll get the task finished in class.
3. His bike is out of order. After school he has to has it (repair).
4. You look (tire). Why not have a rest.
5. There is only five minutes (leave) before the train leaves.
6. (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
7. (absorb) in painting, he didn’t notice evening approaching.
8. While waiting for the opportunity to get (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
9. When we saw the road (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
10. In some languages, 100 words make up half the words (use) in daily conversations.
（二）下面每小题都一处错误，找出并改正。
1. My friends appreciated the photos taking in Hangzhou.
2. If admitting into our group, you will be informed soon by WeChat.
3. Soldiers came to rescue those burying under the ruins, and the government provided food, clothes, and shelters for the homeless.
4. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy times spending with his students.
5. She felt frightening and burst into tears.
6. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English speaking as much as we can.
7. Please remain seating; the winner of the prize will be announced soon
8. Yesterday morning, he went to a big gardening company, knowing as green fingers, for an interview.
9. The teacher spoke slowly that he made himself understand.
10. When asking for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
Keys:
（一）1. advertised 2. Given 3. repaired 4. tired 5. left 6. Ordered 7. Absorbed 8. promoted 9. Blocked 10. used
（二）1. taking→ taken 2. admitted 3. burying→ buried 4. spending→ spent
5. frightening→ frightened 6. speaking→ spoken 7. seating→ seated 8. knowing→ known 9. understand→ understood 10. asking→ asked
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